election-deniers/fivethirtyeight_election_deniers: 80

This directory contains data on the views of every Republican candidate for Senate, House, governor, attorney general and secretary of state running in the 2022 general election on the legitimacy of the 2020 election. It was used in the Sept. 6, 2022, FiveThirtyEight article “Where Candidates Who Deny The 2020 Election Results Are On The Ballot — And Where They Could Win.”

FiveThirtyEight drew on news reports, debate footage, campaign materials and social media and reached out to every nominee in an effort to classify them into one of six categories regarding their belief in the 2020 election’s legitimacy.

• Candidates in the “Fully denied” category have explicitly said the 2020 election was illegitimate and/or took legal measures to try and overturn the election. Examples of the latter include members of Congress who voted against certifying election results or politicians who signed an amicus brief for a Texas lawsuit that challenged election results in four states President Biden won.
• Candidates in the “Raised questions” category raised questions or concerns about the election but haven’t outright denied or affirmed it.
• Candidates in the “Accepted with reservations” category have accepted Biden’s victory but have still raised questions or concerns about fraud.
• Candidates in the “Fully accepted” category have accepted Biden’s victory without reservations.
• Candidates in the “Avoided answering” category refused or avoided directly answering questions about the election (e.g., by changing the subject when asked about it).
• Candidates in the “No comment” category have not made a public comment on the election (as far as we could tell) and did not respond to our inquiries on the topic.

Column	Description
Candidate	The name of the candidate in question.
Incumbent	Whether the candidate was the incumbent.
State	The state the candidate was running in.
Office	The office the candidate was running for.
District	The number of the congressional district the candidate was running for, if applicable.
Stance	The candidate's stance on the legitimacy of the 2020 election.
Source	The source from which FiveThirtyEight determined the candidate's stance.
URL	The URL of the source website from which FiveThirtyEight determined the candidate’s stance, if available.
Note	Whether the candidate changed his or her stance after their primary election.